Description

Modern civilization runs on digital infrastructure that most people never think about until it breaks. A small number of companies control the cloud platforms, network backbone, and software layers that governments, hospitals, banks, and supply chains depend on. The systems are powerful but fragile and deeply concentrated. A single outage at one provider can cascade across industries and continents. At the same time, new capabilities are being deployed at a pace that outstrips the ability of institutions or individuals to fully understand what they are adopting. Technology Systems covers the infrastructure underneath everything else: what it depends on, who controls it, where it is vulnerable, and what happens when new capabilities arrive faster than anyone is prepared for.